Research Article Details

Abstract

Sepsis is a life-threatening systemic response to infection and remains a significant global health burden. Among the causative agents, Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus spp. are major contributors, especially in hospital-acquired infections. Early and accurate detection, along with effective antimicrobial strategies, is critical for improving patient outcomes. Recent advances in glycan-modified nanomaterials have opened new avenues in both biosensing and antimicrobial applications. Glycans natural carbohydrate structures involved in host-pathogen recognition can be engineered onto nanomaterial surfaces to enhance the specificity and sensitivity of detection platforms. Functionalized nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, graphene, and quantum dots allow rapid, label-free detection through electrochemical, optical, or fluorescence-based methods. Additionally, these glycan-coated nanomaterials exhibit strong antibacterial properties, including membrane disruption, inhibition of adhesion, and biofilm degradation. This review highlights the recent developments in glycan-engineered nanotechnologies targeting Gram-positive sepsis pathogens, emphasizing their dual role in diagnosis and therapy, while discussing current challenges and future translational potential. Simultaneously, glycan-functionalized nanomaterials exhibit potent antimicrobial activities, including biofilm disruption, inhibition of bacterial adhesion, membrane destabilization, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, providing a dual action approach to infection control.

Keywords: Antimicrobial agents, Biosensing techniques, glyconanotechnology, nanostructures, sepsis-causing bacteria.