Paper Details

Name: Dalveer Singh Rana & Vani Sharma
Email: kotdwarcc@gmail.com
Country: India

Year: 2025
Volume: Volume: 12, Issue: 2, (July-December)
Page Number: 105-122
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17892415

ABSTRACT
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant global health
burden, with increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance
complicating treatment strategies. This study aimed to
investigate the prevalence of uropathogens, their antibiotic
susceptibility profiles, and multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns
in relation to patient gender and geographic location within the
Haridwar district of Uttarakhand, India. A total of 250 urine
samples were collected from patients presenting with UTI
symptoms across four sub-regions. Significant bacterial growth
was observed in 102 samples (40.8%), with a higher culture
positivity rate among females (70.6%) compared to males
(29.4%). Klebsiella spp. was the predominant isolate (54.9%),
followed by Escherichia coli (38.2%) and Pseudomonas spp.
(6.9%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high resistance
to ceftriaxone (98.21%) and gemifloxacin (87.5%) in
Klebsiella, while E. coli exhibited resistance to gemifloxacin
(89.74%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (87.17%). Pseudomonas
isolates showed complete resistance to moxifloxacin and
gemifloxacin. Aminoglycosides, carbapenems, and select
fluoroquinolones retained high efficacy across all isolates.
MDR prevalence was highest in Pseudomonas (85.7%),
followed by E. coli (66.7%) and Klebsiella (60.7%), with a
slightly higher proportional burden in males. These findings
highlight the shifting epidemiology of UTIs, with Klebsiella
predominance and high resistance to commonly prescribed
antibiotics. The study underscores the importance of local
surveillance data in guiding empirical treatment decisions and
emphasizes the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship
interventions to combat the growing threat of MDR
uropathogens.
Keywords: Urinary Tract Infections, Antibiotic Resistance,
Uropathogens, Multidrug Resistance, Escherichia coli