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Research & Reviews in Biotechnology and Biosciences

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
Morpho-anatomical standardization of six important RET medicinal plants of Astavarga group from Western Himalaya, India
Author Name:
Pankaj Kumar, Bushan Kumar, Kanwaljeet Singh, Sumeet Gairola
Author Email:
sumeetgairola@iim.ac.in
Country:
India
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Morpho-anatomical standardization of six important RET medicinal plants of Astavarga group from Western Himalaya, India
Author: Pankaj Kumar, Bushan Kumar, Kanwaljeet Singh, Sumeet Gairola

Astavarga is a group of eight important medicinal plants used in Ayurveda found in Indian Himalayan region between an altitude of 800 and 4000 m asl. These plants are used in variety of Ayurvedic formulations such as Chyavanprasha. Due to scarcity of these plants in wild, non-existing cultivation practices and confusing vernacular names there is widespread problem of adulteration or substitution of these plants with cheaper unrelated plants. Dried underground parts of these plants are used for medicinal purpose, due to which identification of raw drug material is very difficult. Out of the eight plant species of Astavarga group, six plant species were selected for the present study i.e., Habeneria intermedia, Habeneria edgeworthii, Malaxis muscifera, Crepedium acuminatum, Polygonatum verticillatum and Polygonatum cirrhifolium. Extensive literature review was conducted to compile information about habit, habitat, distribution, plant part used, RET status and substitutes of the selected plant species. Authentic specimens were collected from different locations of Western Himalaya India. Duly identified voucher specimens were submitted to the Janaki Ammal Herbarium (RRLH) at CSIR-IIIM, Jammu. Macroscopic and microscopic characters of the plant parts use as a drug of the selected plant species were studied in detail. They were characterised morphologically in terms of size, shape, colour, texture, external appearance and other distinguishing morphological features. Transverse sections were observed under compound light microscope and powder study was done with main focus on starch grains and calcium oxalate crystals in the cells. The size and shape of starch grains and calcium oxalate crystals can be helpful in identifying some of the studied species. For example, in case of pseudobulbs of C. acuminatum raphids are present and starch grains are absent, whereas in M. muscifera raphids are absent and starch grains are present. Difference in starch grain size and raphid length may be taken as a key characters for identification of H. intermedia and H. edgeworthii.

Paper Title:
Engineering Sugarcane (Saccharum spp) for Disease Resistance: Recent Approaches
Author Name:
Gulzar S Sanghera, Pawan K Malhotra
Author Email:
sangheragulzar@pau.edu
Country:
India
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Engineering Sugarcane (Saccharum spp) for Disease Resistance: Recent Approaches
Author: Gulzar S Sanghera, Pawan K Malhotra

Sugarcane is an important agro-industrial crop cultivated for sugar and other by-products. The future of sustainable agriculture will rely on the integration of biotechnology with traditional agricultural practices. Diseases can be caused by a variety of plant pathogens including fungi, others and their management requires the use of techniques in transgenic technology, molecular biology, and genetics. These include: genes that express proteins, peptides, or antimicrobial compounds that are directly toxic to pathogens or that reduce their growth in situ; gene products that directly inhibit pathogen virulence products or enhance plant structural defense genes, that directly or indirectly activate general plant defense responses; and resistance genes involved in the hypersensitive response and in the interactions with a virulence factors. This chapter discusses the key recent approaches to manage different pathogens within the context of recent developments in biotechnology and plant science.

Paper Title:
Foldscopebased methods to detect in-tissue antioxidant activity and secondary metabolites in pollen and stomata of Lantana camara
Author Name:
Priya Nischal, ArunDev Sharma
Author Email:
arundevsharma47@gmail.com
Country:
India
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Foldscopebased methods to detect in-tissue antioxidant activity and secondary metabolites in pollen and stomata of Lantana camara
Author: Priya Nischal, ArunDev Sharma

Foldscope is the ultra-affordable, paper microscope designed to be extremely portable, durable, and to give optical quality similar to conventional research microscopes. However it’s potential as in tool in the area of agricultural sciences is still not known. In this study, how foldscope can be used as an efficient tool to detect in –tissue activities of antioxidants and secondary metabolites in invasive alien plant Lantana camara.Foldcsope images revealed viable stained areas in the respective seeds, indicating live activities. Based on data the use of foldscope was recommended.

Paper Title:
Biochemical Characterization of Alkaline Protease from Bacillus Circulans Mtcc 7906
Author Name:
Inderjeet Kaur, G S Kocher
Author Email:
inderjeetbiotechlkc@gmail.com
Country:
India
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Biochemical Characterization of Alkaline Protease from Bacillus Circulans Mtcc 7906
Author: Inderjeet Kaur, G S Kocher

In the present study, an alkaline protease of Bacillus circulans MTCC 7906 was purified 16.2 folds with specific activity of 102815 U/mg in comparison to crude extract using ammonium sulphate precipitation (30-60%), dialysis and DEAE-Cellulose anion exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was found to be 46 kDa on Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The characterization of partially purified enzyme revealed 9.0 and 60°C as an optimum pH and temperature, respectively, with Km and Vmax of 4.5 mg/ml and 5555 U/ml using casein as substrate. The enzyme was activated by Ba2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ and inhibited by EDTA and ammonium hydroxide. The results thus indicated that the alkaline protease of B. circulans is a metalloprotease with serine at its active centre. Therefore it was concluded that this alkaline protease may be suitable candidate for commercial applications.

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