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Research & Reviews in Biotechnology and Biosciences

A Biannual Peer Reviewed, Refereed Research Journal (Estd. Year: 2014)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
Effect of Global Warming on Human Health: The Past, the Present and the Future
Author Name:
Sunil Kumar, Ankita Srivastava, Niharika Chandra, Leena Singh
Author Email:
sunil.bio@srmu.ac.in
Country:
India
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Effect of Global Warming on Human Health: The Past, the Present and the Future
Author: Sunil Kumar, Ankita Srivastava, Niharika Chandra, Leena Singh

The aim of the present study was to review the possible impact of global warming on human health. We have also discussed the substantial contribution of human activity on the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. CO2, which accounts for 81% of greenhouse gas emissions, is produced from combustion of petroleum products, natural gas, and coal. Several vector borne diseases such as malaria are also considered to be water-borne, as the transmission of the disease is associated with factors such as rainfall. This aspect has also been explicitly discussed in this article. Heat shock is a health problem that is most directly affected by the ambient temperature hence heat-related diseases caused by heat waves, injuries, and deaths caused by extreme geological events have also been explored. To conclude, global warming is a very real phenomenon which has already impacted the global distribution of infectious diseases. If climate change continues unabated, it is likely that the range of deadly diseases such as malaria will expand or shift, resulting in sickness and death as populations without pre-existing immunity are increasingly affected.

Paper Title:
Studies on glycolipids of S.cerevisiae in relation to temperature stress
Author Name:
Renuka Malhotra
Author Email:
malhotra7r@gmail.com
Country:
India
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Studies on glycolipids of S.cerevisiae in relation to temperature stress
Author: Renuka Malhotra

The total glycolipid content of S.cerevisiae cells increase in
temperature treated yeast cell. Hexoses and sialic acid content
decrease whereas hexosamine content increased under temperature
stress. The different saccharide moieties of glycolipid of S.cerevisiae
were identified. Mannose and galactose content increased as the
temperature is raised to 37°C whereas glucose and fucose content
decreased. The changes in concentration of these sugars may be due
to differential activities of enzymes like β-glucosidase and β-
galactosidase. The temperature also affected the glycolipid fractions
of yeast S.cerevisiae. The content of cerebrosides increased while
sulfatide content decreased during temperature stress suggesting that
these molecules may be playing important role in membrane
stabilization. The unsaturated fatty acid content of yeast S.
cerevisiae glycolipids increased while saturated fatty acid decreased
which may be due to conversion of saturated fatty acid to
unsaturated fatty acid during temperature stress,helping in
modulating the membrane fluidity.

Paper Title:
Morpho-Chemical Characteristics of Salvia Sclarea L. At Two Different Locations in Jammu and Kashmir
Author Name:
Sushma Koul, Tarandeep Kaur, Rohini Bhat, Kushal Bindu, Arun Kumar, Surinder Kitchlu and Dhiraj Vyas
Author Email:
dhirajvyas@rediffmail.com
Country:
India
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Morpho-Chemical Characteristics of Salvia Sclarea L. At Two Different Locations in Jammu and Kashmir
Author: Sushma Koul, Tarandeep Kaur, Rohini Bhat, Kushal Bindu, Arun Kumar, Surinder Kitchlu and Dhiraj Vyas

Salvia sclarea L. commonly known as clarysage, is an important medicinal herb of temperate region with high market demand. In order to assess the morpho-chemical and biochemical plasticity in S. sclarea, studies were conducted at two contrastingly different environmental regimes. Plants were grown at Jammu (305 m, subtropical), and Srinagar (1730 m, temperate) till harvesting. Essential oils from inflorescence were quantified along with morphological parameters at both the locations. Morphological parameters such as plant height and number of leaves, which depict physiological strength of plant performed best at temperate conditions. Leaf area however was highest at lower altitude of 305 m. Number of chemical compounds and percentage of linalool increased with respect to altitude. Amount of linalool at 1730 m increased by 37% than 305 m. These findings reflect that temperate conditions were best suited for commercial growth of Salvia sclarea.

Paper Title:
Interactions Between Fluorescent Pseudomonads And Chilli (Capsicum Annuum L.) Plants
Author Name:
S. Sundaramoorthy and P. Balabaskar
Author Email:
sundardivi@gmail.com
Country:
India
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Interactions Between Fluorescent Pseudomonads And Chilli (Capsicum Annuum L.) Plants
Author: S. Sundaramoorthy and P. Balabaskar

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is an indispensible vegetable cum spice crop and suffers from several pests and diseases. In recent years, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) has gained worldwide importance and acceptance for agricultural benefits. These microorganisms have the potential tools for disease control and growth promotion in various crops and patho-systems which involve multidisciplinary approaches to understand adaptation of PGPR to the rhizosphere, mechanisms of root colonization, effects on plant physiology and growth, bio-fertilization, induced systemic resistance, bio-control of plant pathogens etc. Considering the seriousness of diseases in chilli, investigations were carried out to utilize indigenous PGPR strains of Fluorescent Pseudomonads for eco-friendly management of diseases of chilli. These strains of Fluorescent Pseudomonads were evaluated for bio-control activity and induction of systemic resistance in chilli. Strains with high defence related enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenly oxidase, phenyl alanine lyase) and β-1,3-glucanase as well as production of antibiotics (phenazine), antimicrobial compounds (hydrogen cyanide) and salicylic acid were used in this study. Shelf-life and compatibility of Fluorescent Pseudomonads with other insecticides, fungicides and bio-agents were undertaken before its use as a component in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) trial. The IPM trial was conducted on farmers‘field of 25 acres. The IPM strategies were followed by regular monitoring of pests and diseases throughout the chilli growing season. The results showed that the incidence of powdery mildew, leaf spot, wilt, die-back/anthracnose, as well as sucking pest and fruit borer was significantly reduced in IPM plot treated with PGPR compared to control. The number of pesticide sprays was significantly lower (30%) in IPM plots as compared to non IPM plot in adjacent region. Overall, the average yield in IPM plot was 28.52 q/ha compared to 23.84 q/ha in non IPM plot. In terms of monetary value, Rs. 2,03,243 per ha was recorded in IPM plot as against Rs. 1,48,581in non IPM plot, which is a net gain of Rs. 54,662 per ha.

Paper Title:
Changes in Morphology and Catalase Activity in Response to Various Abiotic Factors from Brassica Campestris
Author Name:
Harsharan Singh, Navleen Kaur Chopra
Author Email:
harsharan78@gmail.com
Country:
India
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Changes in Morphology and Catalase Activity in Response to Various Abiotic Factors from Brassica Campestris
Author: Harsharan Singh, Navleen Kaur Chopra

Plants are always under the exposure of light and various abiotic factors. High and low level exposure of plants to these factors leads to generation of one or other types stress conditions in plants. These types of stress conditions are often visible in terms morphological changes like alternation in root and shoot length, leaf size and leaf colour and enzyme activities. As plants always remained fixed to their place, they could not move to avoid these stresses. Therefore, plants undergo various types metabolic shifts and changes in activities of various enzymes associated with their metabolism. Light and various types of solutes namely gibberellic acid, sucrose, polyethylene glycol, gibberellic acid magnesium chloride and glucose are the common abiotic factors inhabited by all the plants in any habitat. Catalase is one of the most important stress combating enzyme that are present in almost all the plants. The present study detailed the morphological changes in response to these abiotic factor and possible role of catalase during these processes. The present study was carried in Brassica campestris widely cultivated as a leaf vegetable and for edible oil used in cooking.

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