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Research & Reviews in Biotechnology and Biosciences

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
Bioinformatics Analysis of Methylene tetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Enzyme
Author Name:
Amandeep kaur, Gobind Ram
Author Email:
ramgobind4@gmail.com
Country:
India
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Bioinformatics Analysis of Methylene tetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Enzyme
Author: Amandeep kaur, Gobind Ram

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) is an enzyme that is encoded by MTHFR gene on chromosome 1 location p36.3 in homo sapiens. Changes at DNA level like synthesis, repair and imprinting result in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. This methylation is catalyzed by methylentetrahydrofolate reductase through reduction of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate into 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Approximately 24 mutations in the MTHFR gene have been identified in people with homocystinuria. Two of the most identified are C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Mutations at C677T and A1298C which confer amino acid substitution Ala222Val and Glu429Ala respectively with reduced activity. So this polymorphism and mild hyperhomocysteinemia are associated with neural tube defects in offspring, arterial & venous thrombosis, and cardiovascular disease etc. The MTHFR gene could be one of the factors of overall schizophrenia risk. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the homologues relationship. The phylogenetic analysis of MTHFR was performed against ten taxa by using Mega4 software.

Paper Title:
Production of Alkaline Protease by Bacillus Circulans Using Submerged Fermentation, Their Purification and Characterization
Author Name:
Inderjeet Kaur, Ramandeep Kaur
Author Email:
kaurinder@lkc.ac.in
Country:
India
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Production of Alkaline Protease by Bacillus Circulans Using Submerged Fermentation, Their Purification and Characterization
Author: Inderjeet Kaur, Ramandeep Kaur

In the present study, an extracellular alkaline protease of Bacillus circulans was cultivated on modified Reese medium at a pH of 9.5, temperature of 28oC in 168 hours of incubation. This strain was purified 16.76 folds with specific activity of 1101.0 U/mg in comparison to crude extract using ammonium sulphate precipitation (30-60%), dialysis and DEAE-Cellulose anion exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was found to be 30 kDa on Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The characterization of purified enzyme revealed 9.5 and 70°C as an optimum pH and temperature, respectively. The enzyme was activated by Ba2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ and inhibited by Hg2+ and EDTA. The results thus suggested that the alkaline protease of B. circulans is a metalloprotease with serine at its active centre. The specific activity of this alkaline protease from Bacillus circulans is greater than those of other reported Bacillus sp; therefore, it was concluded that it may be suitable candidate for commercial applications.

Paper Title:
Effect of cadium stress on the protein content, lipid peroxidaton and antioxidant enzymes in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Author Name:
Gurpreet Singh, Navneet Kaur
Author Email:
drgurpreet@lkc.ac.in
Country:
India
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Effect of cadium stress on the protein content, lipid peroxidaton and antioxidant enzymes in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Author: Gurpreet Singh, Navneet Kaur

This study was conducted to assess the role of antioxidants enzymes protection from heavy metal stress in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus.L). different concentrations of cadmium nitrate [Cd(NO₃)₂ viz. (20ppm, 40ppm, 60ppm, 80ppm and 100ppm)] were applied to seedlings which resulted in gradual decline in root length, shoot length, number of leaves, lipid peroxidation etc thus indicating the primary physiological response of Cd2+ stress. Enzymatic activities analysis of different antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase revealed that response varied differentially with the increase in the Cd stress. Increased activities of SOD, APX and CAT enzymes under heavy metals treatments may be considered as circumstantial evidence for tolerance mechanism evolved by the Okra and can be used as biomarker for Cd stress in plants.

Paper Title:
Margosa tree Germplasm conservation through anther-derived organogenic callus masses
Author Name:
V. K. Gautam, Nidhi Gautam
Author Email:
vkgautam2001@gmail.com
Country:
India
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Margosa tree Germplasm conservation through anther-derived organogenic callus masses
Author: V. K. Gautam, Nidhi Gautam

In several mature trees like Margosa, long- term conservation through seeds is not possible as they are highly susceptible to various pathogens and are spoiled within a few weeks during storage. Micropropagation too is difficult due to lack of any suitable juvenile explant and presence of polyphenols. Most of the explants such as leaf, stem pieces and petiole segments are recalcitrant for in vitro differentiation. Genetic improvement of such species can not be performed till a suitable regeneration protocol is established. Anthers being more juvenile as compared to other explants, respond quickly to in vitro regeneration techniques under suitable physico-chemical environment. In the margosa tree ( Azadirachta indica A, Juss, Family Meliaceae) young anthers containing sporogenous tissues produced sufficient amounts of organogenic callus on various media supplemented with plant growth regulators in proper concentration and combinations. The browning of the callus could be inhibited with the help of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), or activated charcoal or L-cysteine. Whenever needed multiple shoots were differentiated by subculturing yellowish green nodular callus masses on media possessing one cytokinin (BA or Kn) and one auxin (IAA, NAA, or IBA) in combination. The regeneration potential of the callus was maintained for several years. The morphogenetic response from subcultured callus masses was in the form of caulogenesis, rhizogenesis and embryogenesis according to composition of culture media. The regenerated plants showed minimum variability in their morphological characters.

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